世界建筑

太阳能富集区在地建筑的非均衡受热问题，极为突出。既往研究集中于矮小空间的南向热量利用，而高大空间的上部热量利用鲜有研究。本文选取青藏高原中小型航站楼为对象，以“从上至下”太阳能热量迁移为目标，依循“模式缘起→模式建构→模式验证”的技术路线开展研究。模式缘起，提出水平式阳光间概念，构建其“集热→输热→释热”的热量迁移机制。模式建构，探寻热量迁移与建筑空间的耦合关系，建立热量迁移下的航站楼建筑空间体系并阐释其运行方式。模式验证，模拟、对比有无热量迁移建筑空间体系的温度场分布，用以验证其有效性。本文的核心要义在于：（1）不局限于“南向热量利用”的传统理念，提出了“上部热量利用”的新型模式并揭示了其传热规律，是对被动式太阳能建筑理论范畴的丰富；（2）不局限于“建筑空间即行为载体”的既定认知，研发了“建筑空间亦为热量通道”的设计方法并提供了其参考范式，是对被动式太阳能建筑方法体系的补充。

The uneven solar heating of local buildings in solar-rich regions is extremely prominent. Previous studies have mainly focused on the utilization of south-facing solar heat in small， low-height spaces， while the utilization of solar heat in the upper part of large， tall spaces has received little attention. Taking small- and medium-sized airport terminals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as research objects， this study aims at the "top-down" migration of solar heat and follows the technical route of "mode origination → mode construction → mode verification". In the mode-origination stage， the concept of the horizontal sunroom is proposed， and its heat-migration mechanism of "heat collection → heat transfer → heat release" is constructed. In the mode-construction stage， the coupling relationship between heat migration and building space is explored， and the building space system of airport terminals under heat migration is established， with its operating mode explained. In the mode-verification stage， the temperature-field distributions of the building space system with and without heat migration are simulated and compared to verify its effectiveness. The core gist of this paper lies in two aspects. First， going beyond the traditional concept of "south-facing heat utilization"， it proposes a new mode of "upper-level heat utilization" and reveals its heat-transfer law， thus enriching the theoretical scope of passive solar buildings. Second， going beyond the established cognition that "architectural space is only a carrier of human behavior"， it develops a design method in which "architectural space also serves as a heat channel" and provides a reference paradigm， thus supplementing the methodological system of passive solar buildings. 水平式阳光间;;热量迁移;;空间体系;;航站楼