世界建筑

在乡村休闲旅游蓬勃发展下，公共服务设施空间作为旅游核心载体，普遍存在“供需错配”问题。为应对此类困境，研究聚焦拥有深厚历史与乡土文化底蕴的关中地区休闲旅游型乡村，基于马斯洛需求层次理论，运用层次分析法（AHP）与专家打分法，从满足游客与村民的复合需求出发，从空间规划布局、功能配置、环境品质、交往潜能、运维弹性5个维度，构建了包含13个指标层的空间效率评价体系，并确定各指标权重。据此，对该类乡村典型——蔡家坡村公共服务设施空间效率展开实证评价，分析其空间效率的关键影响因素，并依据评价结果提出关中同类乡村公共服务设施空间优化策略，旨在从空间效率视角，为解决“供需错配”提供理论依据与实践路径，助力乡村休闲旅游可持续发展。

Amidst the burgeoning development of rural leisure tourism, public service facilities-as the core carriers of tourism-generally suffer from a "supply-demand mismatch". To address this predicament, this study focuses on leisure tourism villages in the Guanzhong region, renowned for its profound historical and local cultural heritage. Drawing upon Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory,this study employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and expert scoring method. It constructs a spatial efficiency evaluation framework comprising 13 indicator layers across five dimensions:spatial planning layout, functional configuration, environmental quality, interaction potential, and operational resilience. This framework addresses the composite needs of both tourists and villagers while determining the weighting of each indicator. Using this framework, an empirical evaluation of the spatial efficiency of public service facilities in Caijiapo Village-a representative example of such rural areas-was conducted. Key factors influencing spatial efficiency were analyzed, and optimization strategies for public service facilities in similar Guanzhong villages were proposed based on the evaluation results. The study aims to provide theoretical foundations and practical pathways for resolving "supply-demand mismatches" from the perspective of spatial efficiency, facilitating the sustainable development of rural leisure tourism.